No matter how specific a location might seem, every location has an associated uncertainty, and this uncertainty determines the conditions under which the spatial interpretation of the location can be used.
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2020) and Georeferencing Calculator Manual (Bloom et al. Integrated this document with the companion documents Georeferencing Quick Reference Guide (Zermoglio et al. This is an important change because the geographic center did not necessarily yield the correct minimum uncertainty due to the extent of a feature, the corrected center does.Įxpanded the sections on elevation and updated them to provide the most recent information on recording elevation and of determining uncertainty due to accuracy of GPSs and DEMs.Įxpanded information on GPS satellites to include information on the other GNSS satellite systems.Īdded information on the use of smartphones and cameras to record GPS locations and elevations.Įlaborated on the shape georeferencing method, including steps to refine the point-radius georeferencing method.Įxpanded the explanations to include ecological, marine and other data collected in transects, along irregular paths, in polygons, or on grids.Īdded information on determining georeferences for subterranean locations such as caves, tunnels and mine sites.Īdded information on bathymetry and underwater depths. Introduced the concept of the corrected center to replace geographic center wherever that was used in the past. 2004, Chapman & Wieczorek 2006, Wieczorek et al. Redefined the term extent to conform with general English and common technical usage to mean a distance, area or volume within defined boundaries and added the term radial to cover the sense of the term "extent" in previous documents ( Wieczorek 2001, Wieczorek et al. This document attempts to bring best practices up to date with terms, technologies, and georeferencing recommendations that have been developed and refined since the original document was published. Throughout this document we reference tools and methodologies developed by those organizations and we acknowledge the valuable work by those organizations in their development. A detailed history of the organizations involved in the development of BioGeomancer and of the original Guide was given in that source. MaNIS, MaPSTeDI, INRAM, GEOLocate, NatureServe, CRIA, ERIN, CONABIO) had previously developed guidelines and tools for georeferencing, and these provided a good starting point for such a document. Several earlier projects and organizations (e.g. This document builds on the original Guide to Best Practices for Georeferencing (Chapman & Wieczorek 2006), which was one of the outputs from the BioGeomancer project ( Guralnick et al. Though it is targeted specifically at biological occurrence data, the concepts and methods presented here can be applied in other disciplines where spatial interpretation of location is of interest. This publication provides guidelines to the best practice for georeferencing. Generalizing Georeferences for Sensitive Taxa and Locations
Other Collaborative Georeferencing Projects
Using the Georeferencing Quick Reference Guide Uncertainty Related to Coordinate Precision Uncertainty Due to the Extent of the Feature
Project Workflow Example – MaNIS/HerpNET/ORNIS Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Coordinates Accuracy, Error, Bias, Precision, False Precision, and Uncertainty
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